--- title: "1932_TrueHistoryUSA_replacedAudio.mp4" date: 2026-09-07 tags: - "converted" --- # 1932_TrueHistoryUSA_replacedAudio.mp4 ![Illustration](/media/594867d74c69.png) 00:00:14:12 - 00:00:50:20 Narrator Robert Beltran The United States was on the verge of dissolution on March 9th, 1861, when Abraham Lincoln arrived in Washington, D.C. for his first inaugural address. The states of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Florida had all voted to secede from the Union, and Texas’s governor had been overthrown for refusing to secede. The departing administration of President James Buchanan had bankrupted the Treasury, while his Secretary of War, John Floyd, had secretly shifted Union armaments to points south to arm the intended insurrection. 00:00:50:22 - 00:01:14:28 Narrator Robert Beltran Fort Sumter, South Carolina, was surrounded by armed secessionists ready to strike, and an assassination plot against Lincoln was planned, along with a plot to disrupt the official counting of the Electoral College ballots in the Capitol. General Winfield Scott, a hero in the War of 1812, took measures to secure the Capitol with thousands of federal troops. 00:01:15:01 - 00:01:35:04 General Winfield Scott by Cody Jones Any man who attempted by force to obstruct or interfere with the lawful count of the electoral vote, should be lashed to the muzzle of a 12 pounder gun and fired out of a window of the Capitol. I would manure the hills of Arlington with fragments of his body, but he has sent it to a chief magistrate of my native state. 00:01:35:06 - 00:01:41:20 General Winfield Scott by Cody Jones It is my duty to suppress insurrection. My duty. 00:01:41:23 - 00:02:27:07 Narrator Robert Beltran This siege of the Capitol and coming war was for Lincoln, not merely a conflict between the North and the South, but a world war against the British Empire. 00:02:27:09 - 00:02:59:15 Narrator Robert Beltran Lincoln knew the British Empire, viewed the US government founded on the principle that all men are created equal as a threat to the continuation of their empire. Lincoln also knew that the British Empire had not only steered the development of the present secession, but had organized continuous secession movements to break up the Union since the American Revolution. Alexander Hamilton, the first Treasury Secretary and founder of the American system of economics, was assassinated in 1804 by Aaron Burr, the Vice President of the United States. 00:02:59:17 - 00:03:15:13 Narrator Robert Beltran At the same time, Burr organized a military insurrection against the government to create a separate nation composed of the vast Louisiana Territory and part of Mexico. The design, funding, and brashness of Burr's operation were not his own. 00:03:15:15 - 00:03:41:23 Anthony Merry by Aaron Halevy I have just received an offer from Mr. Burr, the actual vice president of the United States, to lend his assistance to His Majesty's Government in any matter in which they may think fit to employ him, particularly in endeavoring to affect a separation of the western part of the United States from that which lies between the Atlantic and the mountains in its whole extent. 00:03:41:25 - 00:04:22:25 Narrator Robert Beltran The British government, which deployed Burr, burned the Capitol to the ground eight years later in the War of 1812, and organized a secession movement of the New England States, a system driven by the British East India Company and its Secret Intelligence Service director, Lord Shelburne. As the United States defeated these various attacks, Shelburne successor and protégé Lord Palmerston turned to the British slave system in the southern US as the new ax to chop apart the United States, the slavery system destroying the southern United States was a critical part of a worldwide British economic system, to which Adam Smith gave the name ‘Free Trade’. 00:04:22:28 - 00:04:52:18 Narrator Robert Beltran Beginning in West Africa, the British East India Company, Royal Africa Company and others captured slaves. These slaves were shipped to the Western Hemisphere to create the slave plantation system of the Southern United States. The principal product of this system in the 19th century was cotton, 75% of which was exported to England. Here, English peasants worked for shillings to turn the cotton into low quality textiles, which were then sold in India, 00:04:52:22 - 00:05:22:14 Narrator Robert Beltran the crown jewel of the empire. The Indian subjects, denied the right by the British to produce for themselves, paid for the textiles with opium crops. The Indian opium was then shipped from India to China, where it was forced on the Chinese people for enormous profit, addicting millions to the life sucking drug. The profits from this cycle, characterized by East India Company lackey Adam Smith as ‘buying cheap and selling dear’, was the foundation of the empire's existence. 00:05:22:14 - 00:05:29:05 Narrator Robert Beltran An interruption of any one part was an interruption to the whole. 00:05:29:08 - 00:05:49:25 Lord Palmerston In dealing with vulgar minded bullies and such, unfortunately, the people of the United States are. Nothing is gained by submission to insult and wrong. The US have no navy of which we need be afraid, and they might be told that if they were to resort to privateering, we should, 00:05:49:27 - 00:05:50:19 Lord Palmerston however 00:05:50:19 - 00:05:57:21 Lord Palmerston reluctantly, be obliged to retaliate by burning all their seacoast towns. 00:05:57:24 - 00:06:26:27 Harley Schlanger Palmerston never gave up the hope that the United States could be broken apart. That you could destroy the American system. And so Lord Palmerston was naturally a supporter of the Confederacy. In fact, he wrote a letter January 1st, 1861, to Queen Victoria praising the British and French troops taking of Peking at that time. And then he said, we also are on the verge of the dissolution of the United States. 00:06:26:28 - 00:06:30:11 Harley Schlanger And this was good news for Britain. 00:06:30:13 - 00:06:55:09 Narrator Robert Beltran When Lincoln was elected in November 1860, the British had recently conducted war against Russia in 1854 and against China in 1859, when the Chinese attempted to block the smuggling of opium into their ports. Now, in 1861, a great war was imminent, pivoted on whether the British or the American system would prevail in the Western Hemisphere. 00:06:55:11 - 00:07:15:19 Nick Walsh Lincoln knew that he was going into a war. The key of Lincoln, the character of Lincoln going into the inauguration and through his presidency was he was on the front lines of a war against the British Empire, and he knew it. He was being shot at. Eventually, obviously, it was assassinated, but there were many attempts against him, as if he was a soldier in the battles. 00:07:15:21 - 00:07:42:23 Nick Walsh But it was his ideas. It was his mind which drove the victory over the South. That was why he was the number one target. In Lincoln, because of the nature of the conflict over slavery. He very much always came back to the Declaration of Independence that this for I think any, any of the great figures in the United States, the declaration of the constitutional are one piece. 00:07:42:25 - 00:08:00:07 Phil Rubenstein So Lincoln rested on “all men are created equal and have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, that these are inalienable rights”. And they they are embedded in every individual human being, that there is no difference. 00:08:00:09 - 00:08:09:12 Narrator Robert Beltran On his trip to Washington for the inauguration, Lincoln was notified of an assassination plot laid for him at a scheduled stop in Baltimore, Maryland. 00:08:09:15 - 00:08:12:05 Nick Walsh Now, when he passed through Philadelphia after. 00:08:12:05 - 00:08:24:08 Nick Walsh Having been informed of this plot, he stand right here on this spot and participated in a flag raising ceremony on the morning of February 22nd, 1861. 00:08:24:11 - 00:08:46:05 Lincoln by Jeremy Cowen I have never had a feeling politically, that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. I have often pondered over the dangers which were incurred by the men who assembled here and adopted that Declaration of Independence. I have pondered over the toils that were endured by the officers and soldiers of the army who achieved that independence. 00:08:46:08 - 00:09:15:26 Lincoln by Jeremy Cowen I have often inquired of myself what great principle or idea it was that kept this Confederacy so long together. It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the motherland, but something in that declaration giving liberty not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weight should be lifted from the shoulders of all men, and that all should have an equal chance. 00:09:16:01 - 00:09:47:27 Lincoln by Jeremy Cowen This is the sentiment embodied in that Declaration of Independence. Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world, if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will truly be awful. But if this country cannot be saved without giving up that principle, I was about to say I would rather be assassinated on this spot than to surrender it. 00:09:48:00 - 00:10:16:07 Lyndon LaRouche Lincoln is very specifically an example of a fully conscious figure of history, that he is acting as a figure of history. His motive is that his immediate predecessor. There are many predecessors to Lincoln's thought, and in case like his, there always things that you may overlook which are important, but the key thing is he was a — his impetus which led to his presidency was John Quincy Adams. 00:10:16:10 - 00:10:55:23 Lyndon LaRouche The policy was we have a Canadian border. We have a Mexican border. We have an Atlantic Ocean, we have a Pacific Ocean; These are our borders. This is our nation. We have to develop this territory for this nation, in this territory and our destiny implicitly with him. But as far as is, our destiny is across the Pacific. As the Columbus crossed the Atlantic, we must cross the Pacific to liberate the people on the other side of the Pacific Ocean, in the sense of engaging them as our partners against the European oligarchy. 00:10:55:25 - 00:10:58:19 Lyndon LaRouche That was the policy. So that's Lincoln's policy. 00:10:58:25 - 00:11:08:00 Narrator Robert Beltran The British oligarchy knew that Lincoln represented this mission to destroy them. That is why, upon his election, they had to stop him from being inaugurated. 00:11:08:02 - 00:11:28:27 Nick Walsh Now, when the carriage itself there was supposed to be carrying Lincoln passed through Baltimore, there was an enormous riot planned that was supposed to go off, trigger a certain amount of chaos. And there were planted assassins in the crowd who were going to stab Lincoln to death. Of course, when the stagecoach rolled through, the riot began. But Lincoln was not in the stage. 00:11:28:28 - 00:11:31:27 Nick Walsh Lincoln was already in Washington, D.C.. 00:11:31:29 - 00:12:05:29 Lincoln by Jeremy Cowen I hold that in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution. The union of these states is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination. Descending from these general principles, we find the proposition that in legal contemplation the Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of the Union itself. 00:12:06:02 - 00:12:42:20 Lincoln by Jeremy Cowen The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association in 1774. It was matured and continued by the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was further matured, and the faith of all the then 13 states expressly pleaded and engaged that it should be perpetual by the Articles of Confederation in 1778, and finally in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the constitution was to form a more perfect union. 00:12:42:23 - 00:13:18:10 Lincoln by Jeremy Cowen But if destruction of the Union by one or by part only of the states be lawfully possible, the union is less perfect than before the Constitution, having lost the Wittel element of perpetuity. It follows from these views that no state, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union that resolves, and ordinances to that effect are legally void, and that acts of violence within any state or states against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or revolutionary according to circumstances. 00:13:18:13 - 00:13:50:29 Narrator Robert Beltran One month after Lincoln's inauguration, the southern rebellion began. The Confederate Army received huge support from Palmerston's British Empire throughout the war. However, Lincoln defeated the Confederacy by reviving the superior moral principle and industrial might of the nation even amidst civil war. Lincoln advanced the unity of the United States, as with his launching of a transcontinental rail project and encouragement of settlement by immigrants of lands west of the Mississippi. 00:13:51:01 - 00:14:27:02 Narrator Robert Beltran Two days after the surrender of the Confederacy in April of 1865, Lincoln spoke on his policy for bringing the South back into the Union as if they had never left. Only three days after that, Lincoln was assassinated. The triggerman, John Wilkes Booth, was no lone gunman. Booth had been recruited to the assassination plot years earlier through a nest of Palmerston agents in British Canada such as George Sanders, a paid operative of the British Empire, Hudson's Bay company, and John Surratt, a regular agent of the London based Confederate Secret Service. 00:14:27:09 - 00:15:01:22 Narrator Robert Beltran The federal government itself identified this, convicting eight people and hanging four on the charge of conspiring with these and other agents harbored in British Canada. However, these principal British agents, such as Surratt and Sanders, although wanted by the federal government, fled to safety in Great Britain. The Lincoln murder was a desperate British reaction to the defeat of their century long strategy for dissolution of the United States, but instead of the United States dissolving into chaos, Lincoln's ideas became more powerful through his death. 00:15:01:29 - 00:15:32:17 Narrator Robert Beltran Because of Lincoln, the transcontinental unity of the nation would be achieved a few short years later, but also the living power of the US Constitution and Declaration of Independence emerged over empire as a power in the world in the eyes of foreign nations the young United States, previously only a daring experiment in law and government, now had validated its principles Through individuals like Henry C Cary, who had been Lincoln's economic advisor, 00:15:32:22 - 00:15:59:20 Narrator Robert Beltran the United States underwent the most rapid industrialization and economic growth of a country that humanity had ever seen. This development was driven by economic policies explicitly against British ‘Free Trade’, such as the highest tariffs in the history of the US. These tariffs banished the British Empire cheap slave labor goods from American markets, allowing manufacturing, infrastructure building and population growth to steam ahead. 00:15:59:22 - 00:16:31:15 Henry C. Carey by John Sigerson British 'Free Trade', industrial monopoly and human slavery travel together and the man who undertakes the work of reconstruction without having first satisfied himself that such is certainly the fact, will find that he has been building on shifting sands, and must fail to produce an edifice that will be permanent. Look where you may. You will find prosperity to exist in the inverse ratio of the connection with Britain. 00:16:31:18 - 00:17:02:01 Nick Walsh As Carey wrote, everywhere where British 'Free Trade' was implemented, it destroyed people, it destroyed food supply and destroyed resources. It destroyed soil. It destroyed what civilization might have existed. You bring in British 'Free Trade'. What's left? Destruction. Protecting the development of your population, your core capabilities, agriculture, industry and so on. That's protectionism. So when you look at this, no country has ever developed without protection. 00:17:02:04 - 00:17:07:05 Phil Rubenstein None. Not any country in Europe. Not anywhere. 00:17:07:07 - 00:17:24:29 Narrator Robert Beltran On May 10th, 1869, the last spike in the transcontinental line was driven. For the first time, the historic mission of the US project was met; A Nation unified through manufactures and infrastructure from east to west, north to south. 00:17:25:02 - 00:17:51:02 Nick Walsh Think about this. This is after a four year long civil war tearing apart the United States. Half a million human beings killed, an equivalent number, a huge amounts, wounded, maimed for life. You'd think that the nation would’ve been crippled for a long time to come after this, as the British intended. This nation came out of the civil war with a type of unity and the type of economic development that the world had never seen. 00:17:51:03 - 00:17:58:04 Nick Walsh We became a world's leading power economically within ten years. 15 years of the Civil War. 00:17:58:07 - 00:18:29:05 Narrator Robert Beltran In 1876, Henry Carey organized the US Centennial Celebration, inviting the world to see how Republican principles had transformed the youngest nation on earth into the most prosperous. 9 million visitors attended, including official foreign delegations composed of scientists, engineers, economists and industrialists. What these observers saw was the opening of an incredibly vast new field of human potential, such as it never existed in the world before at that point. 00:18:29:12 - 00:18:45:10 Narrator Robert Beltran Amidst the awesome array of drill presses, saws, printers, water pumps and more, said Henry Carey's literature stand of books and pamphlets educating visitors on the virtues of the American system of economics. 00:18:45:13 - 00:19:18:16 Narrator Robert Beltran The American system of economics values the creative powers of the human individual far above any other form of material wealth. Further, it recognizes these creative powers as the very source of that material wealth. While the British Empire fights for control of the so-called natural resources of the environment. The American systems power comes simply by the recognition that the nature of the human species was to be the one living creature on the planet, which had no natural resources outside of its members own sovereign ability to create them. 00:19:18:19 - 00:19:44:20 Lincoln by Jeremy Cowen All creation is a mine and every man a miner. In the beginning, the mine was unopened and the miner stood naked and knowledgeless upon it. Fishes, birds, beasts and creeping things are not miners, but feeders and lodgers, merely; Beavers build houses, but they build them in no wise differently or better now than they did 5000 years ago. 00:19:44:23 - 00:19:55:24 Lincoln by Jeremy Cowen Man is not the only animal who labors, but he is the only one who improves his workmanship. This improvement he affects by discoveries and inventions. 00:19:55:26 - 00:20:19:18 Sky Shields That's the entire experience of the human, of a person, of mankind. If you're directly related to ideas... Because of that, you become the only interface for ideas to manifest themselves in physical reality. To make a discovery of principle a discover of something that exists that's true in the universe, and then to force the physical universe to respond to that invisible principle, 00:20:19:19 - 00:20:21:10 Sky Shields To respond to that idea. 00:20:21:12 - 00:20:55:12 Narrator Robert Beltran The human economy exists within a universe organized by this dynamic ability of man to willfully change nature. 00:20:55:15 - 00:21:23:05 Sky Shields For the human species, you have to ask yourself; What's required for that spread, that texture, that growth of humanity into these areas. What's required? There are certain things you need as predicates. You need. You need water. You need food. Yes. Some similar things to plant and animal life, but for the human species, you need the ability to creatively introduce those things yourself. 00:21:23:13 - 00:21:33:02 Sky Shields Secretary. For instance, irrigation, the human species. If you want to introduce human life into a desert—We don't wait for water to appear in the desert—We irrigate the desert. 00:21:33:04 - 00:21:52:29 Tarrajna Dorsey The source of that is in the individual, lies in the individual human mind, as opposed to \[the\] collective process or something. What it requires is that you have individuals in your society who have been educated up to the level where they're able to contribute something of their own. 00:21:53:01 - 00:22:23:05 Lyndon LaRouche A discover we make in nature usually involves something that's already happening, but we make a discovery of how that's happening. Now we turn that discovery we've made into a way of changing nature by our acting and use of that principle. So mankind is not like an animal. We have a power over the animals. This is what we call true creativity, the ability to discover universal principles and use these to change the universe. 00:22:23:07 - 00:22:28:25 Lyndon LaRouche Only mankind can do that. Only the human individual mind can do that. No animal can do it. 00:22:28:27 - 00:22:53:21 Tarrajna Dorsey To create something entirely unique and new, something original in the entire course of what's been discovered so far in the course of humanity. That capacity exists in every single human individual, and the idea that every single individual has that potential is lovely and exciting to us. 00:22:53:23 - 00:23:18:15 Narrator Robert Beltran In opposition to the American system. The British Empire treats the power of human insight as a threat to its power. With Empire, there is no divine spark of human reason which profoundly transforms nature. With empire, Man is only a different form of cattle—Thus, the oligarchs system must cease to exist, for it works against the laws of nature and the human mind. 00:23:18:18 - 00:23:48:25 Sky Shields You can contrast the North and the South in the United States, the lack, the utter lack of industrial development—backwardness living in the swamps state of existence that you had in the south of the United States was a direct product of their view of man — direct product of the fact that you've got— A slave society is incapable of this kind, of the kind of feudal society you had in the South, is incapable of creative discovery. 00:23:48:27 - 00:24:22:16 Narrator Robert Beltran In the wake of the Centennial Convention. Teams of American military engineers, economists and diplomats carried the American system of economics back over the Atlantic and the Pacific, consciously seeking the end to the British Empire system of world domination. In Russia, American railroad engineers worked with Russian Transportation Minister Count Sergei Witte, Dmitri Mendeleev, and others to organize a system of high tariffs and construction of the Trans-Siberian rail project modeled on Lincoln's American transcontinental. 00:24:22:18 - 00:24:53:03 Narrator Robert Beltran The very first locomotive on this Trans-Siberian was built in Philadelphia by the Baldwin Company. By 1890, the Russians were planning a Bering Strait bridge to connect by rail to America. In France, heavy tariffs were instituted, along with an expansion of rail. French Foreign Minister Gabriel Hannetaux developed plans for the development of the Nile River area of Africa, and for a rail link to the Russian Trans-Siberian project. In Japan, E. Peshine 00:24:53:05 - 00:25:18:03 Narrator Robert Beltran Smith, a close collaborator of Henry Carey, traveled to Japan's Meiji Court to shape the rapid transformation of the country into a modern industrial power. The Japanese became a leading American ally in Asia, creating the first ever independent national bank on that continent. In China, where the British had unloaded crates of opium, American Civil War engineers unloaded crates of Baldwin locomotives. 00:25:18:08 - 00:25:43:17 Narrator Robert Beltran Carey Ally Wharton Barker worked with the Chinese Emperor's circles for the creation of a joint Chinese American bank to fund telegraph lines, rail and industrial mining. And in Germany, the American system reached its greatest application anywhere outside the United States through the actions of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, who had been an ally of the American system from the days of his youth. 00:25:43:22 - 00:26:04:25 Jeffrey Steinberg Bismarck himself had been a close friend of some of the American students, who had been explicitly sent over by John Quincy Adams to study at Göttingen, at Jena, at Berlin, to basically study universal history as it was taught by Schiller and by the von Humboldts. 00:26:04:27 - 00:26:28:20 Narrator Robert Beltran Three years after the American Centennial, Bismarck broke Germany's 'Free Trade' system, implementing an American inspired tariff policy for Germany. The kinship between Germany and the US became so strong at this time that Republican Congressman and Civil War veteran William McKinley quoted Bismarck's speech for a German tariff from the floor of the US Congress. 00:26:28:23 - 00:27:03:14 Otto von Bismarck by Alexander Pusch The success of the United States in material development is the most illustrious of modern time. The American nation has not only successfully borne and suppressed the most gigantic and expensive war of all history, but immediately afterward disbanded its army, found employment for all its soldiers and marines, paid off most of its debt, given labor and homes to all the unemployed of Europe as fast as they could arrive within its territory, and still, by a system of taxation so indirect as not to be perceived, much less felt. 00:27:03:17 - 00:27:20:20 Otto von Bismarck by Alexander Pusch Because it is my deliberate judgment that the prosperity of America is mainly due to its system of protective laws, I urge that Germany has now reached that point where it is necessary to imitate the tariff system of the United States. 00:27:20:22 - 00:28:06:17 Narrator Robert Beltran Under this policy, just as had occurred in the United States, Germany emerged as a national power on the world stage. Bismarck circles, in collusion with French industrialists, began planning rail links to the Trans-Siberian system of Russia and the construction of a Berlin to Baghdad rail system to create a new, previously non-existent trade route to all corners of the world. 00:28:06:20 - 00:28:38:20 Narrator Robert Beltran The threatened world leadership of the British East India Company based itself on a relationship between control of the world sea routes and enforced underdevelopment of interior land masses. The acquisition of strategic naval ports, or choke points marked here in red, was the pivot of the system by controlling these ports and corresponding sea lanes. The British dominated trade, using colonies such as India or African nations as sources of cheap raw materials and slave labor. 00:28:38:22 - 00:29:05:19 Narrator Robert Beltran Other nations wishing to engage in the same geographical area would have to operate through the British. The transcontinental rail projects of the post-Civil War period, therefore emphasizing interior development of land masses such as Lincoln's American transcontinental, Sergei Witte's, Trans-Siberian, and Bismarck's Berlin–Bagdad system were a mortal threat to the historic maritime based power of the British Empire. 00:29:05:22 - 00:29:34:09 Jeffrey Steinberg We were aggressively promoting the American system, and the British at that point decided that the only thing that they could do to prevent the successful spread of the American system and the build up of these rail connections, and the land bridge across Eurasia, was to blow up the world. Literally, they were losing the chess game badly and so, their only last option was to kick over the chessboard. 00:29:34:10 - 00:30:00:05 Narrator Robert Beltran Under this geopolitical view, British imperial policy toward the end of the 19th century turned to the creation of a Great World War, pivoted on pitting Russia and Germany against each other. The intention of this policy was not for any nation to come out as the victor, but rather for all nations involved to be destroyed. In Germany, Bismarck was conscious of this geopolitical strategy. 00:30:00:08 - 00:30:13:02 Narrator Robert Beltran In correspondence he wrote about his nightmare of coalitions that alliance of France, Russia and Britain, which would encircled Germany and destroy her in war and economic ruin. 00:30:13:04 - 00:30:42:08 Harley Schlanger Bismarck was committed to alliances which allowed for Germany to develop, but he also understood that these alliances required the benefit of the other. That is, that the unification of Germany occurred in a war against France and Austria, but he was willing to form an alliance with Austria. He had his own alliance with France because he realized that if he were at war with these countries, Germany wouldn't be able to develop. 00:30:42:08 - 00:31:09:05 Harley Schlanger So his commitment to the Three Kaiser League. The alliance with Russia, the alliance with Austria that wasn't popular with some of the smaller German states that were incorporated in Germany. But Bismarck's argument was that this policy created the best potential for Germany to develop its industry, to increase its markets, and to have peace. 00:31:09:07 - 00:31:36:18 Lyndon LaRouche He also negotiated with the Russian czar secretly behind the back of his own Kaiser to, because the Kaiser was going to agree with the Kaiser of Austria, this old fart there, still, the emperor in a Balkan war—And the Balkan War involves Slavic peoples, which were part of the Orthodox Church network, as the Russians were part of the Orthodox network. 00:31:36:21 - 00:32:13:02 Lyndon LaRouche There was an attempt by the British to organize another religious war between Orthodox and others. It had Western and Eastern Christianity. He knew you don't do that. So he entered into a secret agreement—He did, behind the back of his Kaiser, two Kaisers, the first Kaiser, and the second—Wilhem the first and Wilhem the second was completely British ruled, and said that he would sabotage any attempt to support Austria in a Balkan war. 00:32:13:04 - 00:32:29:23 Lyndon LaRouche So as long as he was in power, the war couldn't go off because the British plan was to have Russia and France attack Germany at the same time, and to use the Habsburg Balkan War as a trigger for that purpose. So no. “I’ll sabotage it!”. 00:32:29:25 - 00:33:00:18 Narrator Robert Beltran Bismarck's insight and diplomatic skill thwarted all British attempts to pit Germany against Russia in war. His understanding of how European powers were manipulated by the British, and his counter policy of alliances with nations for peace, meant that for a British orchestrated world war to succeed, Bismarck had to be eliminated. During these years, Prince Edward Albert, the protege of Lord Palmerston and the son of Queen Victoria, made himself dictator of British foreign policy. 00:33:00:18 - 00:33:31:21 Narrator Robert Beltran For the next 20 years, he would personally oversee the elimination of all obstacles to the creation of a nightmare of coalitions, beginning with Otto von Bismarck. His greatest weapon in his work was not the gunboat, but insight into turning the vices and weaknesses of individuals into the most destructive weapons against them. The removal of Bismarck began with the use of one of Edward's greatest allies, his in-depth knowledge of the personal defects of his nephew, Kaiser Wilhelm, the second of Germany. 00:33:31:23 - 00:33:35:12 Phil Rubenstein Edward Albert and partly is able to operate through this 00:33:35:13 - 00:33:36:13 Phil Rubenstein insane 00:33:36:21 - 00:33:38:29 Phil Rubenstein oligarchical royal family system. 00:33:38:29 - 00:33:39:19 Phil Rubenstein where, you know, 00:33:39:22 - 00:33:48:25 Phil Rubenstein the Czar of Russia, the Kaiser of Germany, they're all part of his family—They're all offshoots of Queen Victoria. You know, 00:33:49:00 - 00:33:50:07 Phil Rubenstein when you think of an oligarchy, 00:33:50:08 - 00:34:04:06 Phil Rubenstein you've got to think of a termite mound with the queen termite, this gigantic blob about 20 times the size of her consort pumping out eggs and every, every other termite is there to aid the queen and her eggs. 00:34:04:07 - 00:34:31:21 Harley Schlanger When you have a bunch of noblemen who intermarry, you have family connections, but you also weaken the bloodline, so to speak. And so you had these figures like Kaiser William the second, very inferior intellect, very much influenced by the pomp and circumstance of the Empire. Kaiser William the second, I think, in 15 years, had 37 design changes in the costumes of the Imperial Guard. 00:34:31:24 - 00:34:53:25 Harley Schlanger He loved parades, but he was also desirous of flattery—He was very insecure. And so a court around him started saying from the moment he emerged, you can't be like Frederick the Great, his ancestor, if you have a Bismarck running policy. 00:34:53:28 - 00:35:14:12 Narrator Robert Beltran Under orders from Prince Edward Albert, Kaiser Wilhelm ousted Bismarck from the German chancellorship in 1890. This event marked the beginning of World War One. The long fuze of the British Empire attack on the American system was now lit. After his ouster, Bismarck foretold the Great Coming War. 00:35:14:14 - 00:35:45:14 Otto von Bismarck by Alexander Pusch For my part, I am no longer under any obligations towards the personalities now in office or towards my successor. All the bridges have been broken down. The ties which used to connect us with Russia has been severed. Personal authority and confidence are lacking in Berlin. If the country is well ruled, the coming war may be averted. If it is badly ruled that war may become a Seven Years war. 00:35:45:17 - 00:36:15:05 Narrator Robert Beltran Prince Edward Albert and his sycophants now unleashed hell on Earth—The Nightmare coalition of Russia, France and Britain, which Bismarck had worked to prevent, Edward now sought to create; Every nation in Europe and Asia which had responded to the United States successes would be targeted for destruction. In 1894, French President Sadi Carnot was assassinated. Edward's Anglophile circles within the weakened French government then launched the Dreyfus scandal. 00:36:15:11 - 00:36:45:14 Narrator Robert Beltran This involved the fraudulent conviction of French Army Captain Alfred Dreyfus, of Jewish German descent, as a traitor. This scandal would continue for 12 years, giving birth to an anti-German and anti-Semitic right wing turn in France. Temporarily overcoming his known disdain for the yellow races, Edward, Albert and his sons, through continuous official visits to Japan, personally organized the brainwashing of the Emperor Meiji of Japan. 00:36:45:16 - 00:37:22:09 Narrator Robert Beltran Albert, as he had also done with Wilhelm, preyed on Japan's island mythology. You are an island in Asia, just as we are an island in Europe as we rule over Europe. You shall rule over Asia. With England's help, Japan will become a great naval power. Under this direction, Japan launched war against China in 1894, using its largely British built navy and grabbing huge tracts of Chinese territory where U.S. and Russian industrialists had hoped to build critical links for the Trans-Siberian rail line. 00:37:22:11 - 00:37:51:12 Narrator Robert Beltran Although the advances achieved in the wake of Lincoln Civil War victory were being quickly crushed in Europe and Asia, the United States remained at this time a stronghold of power and independence against the British Empire. Under newly elected president and Lincoln devotee William McKinley, economic and political progress was charging forward—McKinley's commitment to the continuation of the U.S. policy against 'Free Trade' were more explicit than any United States president had ever made them. 00:37:51:14 - 00:38:20:11 William McKinley by Mark Calney 30 years of protection has brought us to the first rank in agriculture, in mining and in manufacturing development. We lead all nations in these three great departments of industry. We have outstripped even the United Kingdom, which had centuries the start of us. Her fiscal policy for 50 years past has been the 'Free Trade' revenue tariff policy of the Democrats. 00:38:20:13 - 00:38:38:03 William McKinley by Mark Calney Ours, for 31 years, the protective tariff policy of the Republicans tried by any test measured by any standard. We lead all the rest of the world. Protection had vindicated itself. 00:38:38:06 - 00:38:55:24 Harley Schlanger McKinley immediately adopted a tariff policy, a protectionist policy that had the British freaked out. In fact, the British sent key operatives over to the United States to work in 1896, in the campaign against McKinley. 00:38:55:27 - 00:39:30:15 Narrator Robert Beltran McKinley's election was a major obstacle to the British Empire promotion of 'Free Trade' and war. In an explicit revival of John Quincy Adams Monroe Doctrine policy. McKinley embraced the International American Conferences proposal for extension of the US railway system through Mexico to the tip of South America. This project, if completed in conjunction with the Russian plans for a Bering Strait rail link would make it possible, by the beginning of the 20th century, to travel from Western Europe to the southern cone of the Western Hemisphere, by rail. 00:39:30:17 - 00:39:55:21 Narrator Robert Beltran But when McKinley's vice president died in 1899, British Allied bankers seized the opportunity. Teddy Roosevelt was forced on as McKinley's new vice president for the next election. Teddy Roosevelt was as far as one could get from a Lincoln Republican; A sworn Anglophile—His love for the British Empire and its system of racial hierarchy were due to two key individuals. 00:39:55:27 - 00:40:24:25 Narrator Robert Beltran One was his uncle, James Dunwoody Bulloch, who during the Civil War had served in England as the head of the Confederate Secret Service. Bullock procured the entire Confederate Navy, which destroyed Union ships and blockades of the South, prolonging the war. Teddy Roosevelt considered Bulloch one of his personal heroes and traveled to meet his exiled uncle in England in 1886 to be tutored on naval war strategy. 00:40:24:28 - 00:40:43:26 Narrator Robert Beltran American traitor Alfred Thayer Mahan, author of The Influence of Sea Power on History, was the other major influence on Teddy Roosevelt. Meehan frequented the royal societies and clubs of Prince Edward Albert's England, promoting their new post-Civil War vision of an Anglo-American naval empire. 00:40:43:28 - 00:41:03:06 Harley Schlanger Mahan’s leading proponent in the United States was Theodore Roosevelt. When Mahan’s book was published, very few people read it. \[Theodore\] Roosevelt bought up as many copies as he could and distributed it throughout the Congress to the Navy to keep people. 00:41:03:08 - 00:41:30:05 Narrator Robert Beltran McKinley continued to organize the transcontinental rail projects despite Teddy Roosevelt and his British allies in the Whitehouse. Six months into his second term, he delivered a rousing speech to the Pan-American Conference in Buffalo to 50,000 North and South Americans. The next day, McKinley was murdered by an anarchist deployed by the same Emma Goldman anarchist networks which had killed President Carnot of France seven years previous. 00:41:30:08 - 00:41:38:10 Narrator Robert Beltran As Goldman would later admit, it was London that was the base of operations for her international terrorist movement. 00:41:38:12 - 00:42:03:11 Lyndon LaRouche The killing of McKinley, which was done by the British, was done by that, but it was to get rid of him. It brought in Teddy Roosevelt, and Teddy Roosevelt was trained by his uncle, with the chief of the Confederate Intelligence service in London—He’s a British agent. So you have the presidency of the United States, by assassination, has turned over from a patriot to a enemy. 00:42:03:13 - 00:42:05:05 Lyndon LaRouche Teddy Roosevelt. 00:42:05:08 - 00:42:29:26 Narrator Robert Beltran This derailment of the Lincoln legacy in the United States ensured that Edward Albert, now King Edward VII, would meet no resistance from the U.S. In 1904 by preying on the continuing Germana-phobia connected to the Dreyfus Affair and a humiliating defeat of the French army by the British at Fashoda, Edward and his French agents rammed through the Entente Cordiale agreement with France. 00:42:29:29 - 00:42:59:11 Narrator Robert Beltran The pivot of this friendship treaty included binding commitments for collaboration in future war. On the other side of Eurasia, Britain's other new subject, Japan, was poised to launch another war, this time against Russia. The Japanese emperor had signed an Anglo Japan treaty in 1902, the central feature being that in the event of a Japanese Russian war, Britain would prevent other European powers from aiding in Russia's defense with the green light 00:42:59:12 - 00:43:26:10 Narrator Robert Beltran thus on, British banks had increased loans to Japan for arms and warship production. As the Entente Cordiale was being finalized, Japan launched a devastating sneak attack on the Russian Naval Station of Port Arthur, foreshadowing the Pearl Harbor attack 37 years later against the United States. By 1905, the Japanese war against Russia had achieved its objective. The Russian nation was crippled. 00:43:26:15 - 00:43:54:24 Narrator Robert Beltran Only one capital ship remained in its navy. The resources of the country were exhausted. After the peace treaty arbitrated by U.S. President Teddy Roosevelt. A revolution was run against the Tzar, further weakening his ability to govern. The optimistic vision of Russian leaders like Sergei Witte for a tramway of iron rail girding the world had been replaced by the bleak practicalities of war and British balance of power gains. 00:43:54:26 - 00:44:19:10 Narrator Robert Beltran Shortly thereafter, King Edward bestowed the most noble British order of knighthood; the Royal Order of the Garter on the Japanese emperor and order so esteemed it was only possessed by the king and 25 nights around him. The summer of that year, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Czar Nicholas II of Russia met on a yacht in the Baltic Sea. 00:44:19:12 - 00:44:20:06 Otto von Bismarck by Alexander Pusch The Czar feels 00:44:20:06 - 00:44:58:24 Kaiser Wilhelm II by a deep personal anger at England, and the king. He called Edward the seventh, the greatest mischief maker and the most dangerous and deceptive intriguer in the world. I could only agree with him, adding that I especially had had to suffer from his intrigues in recent years. He has a passion for plotting against every power of making a little agreement, whereupon the Czar interrupted me, striking the table with his fist and saying, well, I can only say he shall not get one from me, and never in my life against Germany or you, my word of honor upon it. 00:44:58:27 - 00:45:22:10 Narrator Robert Beltran The Czar Nicholas of Russia would not keep his word of honor for long. Within two years of this discussion, in 1907, the czar signed a war alliance with King Edward's Britain, arranging Russia in a triple partnership with France and Britain against Wilhelm's Germany. The very trap Nicholas had sworn to his cousin he would avoid in the absence of Otto von Bismarck. 00:45:22:11 - 00:45:48:12 Narrator Robert Beltran No one remained to prevent King Edward's orchestration of a nightmare of coalitions for war. Coincident to arranging this series of horrifying developments, King Edward the Seventh was maintaining perhaps the warmest correspondence between an English monarch and a US president in history. Edward wrote Teddy letters about how the two of them had been placed in command of the two great branches of the Anglo-Saxon race. 00:45:48:15 - 00:46:16:07 Narrator Robert Beltran While Teddy responded that the real interests of the English speaking peoples are one alike in the Atlantic and the Pacific. As President Teddy Roosevelt shut down McKinley's Pan-American rail project, he created East India Company inspired conservation parks, denying settlers access to land intended by Lincoln for development. And he walked softly with a big stick. All over the Monroe Doctrine. 00:46:16:09 - 00:46:33:21 Narrator Robert Beltran Turning the U.S. from the leading enemy of empire in the Western Hemisphere to its leading friend with the post-Civil War power of the U.S. thus chained to British interest. The last fateful steps to the ignition of war were lit in the Balkans. 00:46:33:24 - 00:46:39:28 Phil Rubenstein What the British want to do is take an area where there's a confluence of division. 00:46:40:01 - 00:46:41:05 Phil Rubenstein You have 00:46:41:08 - 00:46:42:16 Phil Rubenstein Roman Catholic, 00:46:42:22 - 00:46:43:08 Phil Rubenstein Serbian, 00:46:43:08 - 00:46:58:29 Phil Rubenstein or the Orthodox churches—You have some Muslim elements—It's all the leftovers of the Ottoman Empire and the conflicts of the Ottoman Empire and the British view is; We can foment conflict virtually at the drop of a hat, in these places. 00:46:59:01 - 00:47:28:27 Narrator Robert Beltran In June of 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Ferdinand, rode through Sarajevo, Bosnia, and was assassinated by an anarchist. Predictably, the Austrians reacted by declaring war on Serbia. Czar Nicholas II mobilized to defend the Serbs, and so likewise the German, French and British entered the conflict. The Great War, whose fuze had been burning since King Edward's ouster of Chancellor Bismarck, went off. 00:47:28:29 - 00:47:47:24 Phil Rubenstein Indeed, the war just started because the war started; There was no reason for this war to start. Everything was in place. There was a buildup of conflict. Every side was building up more of their military capability. Orders were going out, and at a certain point the armies were on the move and nothing could stop them. And war broke out. 00:47:47:24 - 00:47:51:02 Phil Rubenstein But this was a British plan to set this in motion. 00:47:51:03 - 00:48:25:14 Harley Schlanger This is what happens when you have inadequate leadership. Wilhelm the second was a terrible emperor in Germany. Nicholas, Czar Nicholas of Russia, was incompetent. The French government was incapable of addressing the broader strategic questions—They were all putty in the hands of the British manipulators. The British wanted World War One to destroy continental Europe and you look at the incredible numbers of people who died on the battlefield, fighting over a couple of square miles of land 00:48:25:15 - 00:48:28:25 Harley Schlanger and you see what a tragedy is about. 00:48:28:29 - 00:48:56:16 Phil Rubenstein Really, the key to this is Europe is destroyed and demoralized because the idea is, how did this happen to us? We're supposed to be civilized. We have science. We have parliamentary democracies, we have culture, and we engage in a meat grinder where people were slaughtered over inches of ground for four years and nothing could stop it. And this is a war that was fought for no reason. 00:48:56:16 - 00:48:57:28 Phil Rubenstein People really know that. 00:48:58:01 - 00:49:20:20 Narrator Robert Beltran In 1915, President Woodrow Wilson brought the United States into the war on the side of the British Empire, an avid Ku Klux Klan supporter. Wilson's election had been made possible by Teddy Roosevelt, who ran a third party Bull Moose ticket in 1912, splitting enough votes from incumbent Republican William Taft to secure Wilson's victory. 00:49:20:22 - 00:49:39:19 Jeffrey Steinberg Under somebody like McKinley or his successors, the U.S. probably would have stayed out, but under Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, both with a history of tied to the Confederacy, the United States ultimately comes in on the British side, and it becomes a decisive factor. 00:49:39:22 - 00:50:09:23 Narrator Robert Beltran The 24 year long orchestration of World War One by King Edward the Seventh thoroughly shattered the possibility of ending the British Empire in Europe and Asia. Each nation which had embraced the American system in the wake of Lincoln's assassination had been roped into destroying itself in the United States. The Lincoln legacy was all but lost, with Woodrow Wilson closely tying the U.S. to support of British imperial interest for the postwar world. 00:50:09:26 - 00:50:41:23 Narrator Robert Beltran The British Empire itself, now more in control of world politics than possibly ever before, positioned itself to eradicate the potential for the Lincoln legacy to arise again by moving for the permanent eradication of sovereign nation states. For this, the deceased Edward the seventh policy of steering nations into self-destructive conflict with one another would be continued, but around new figures such as H.G. Wells, who had served as the director of British intelligence during World War One. 00:50:41:26 - 00:50:52:09 Narrator Robert Beltran Wells and his collaborators began immediately to sow the seeds for another great war, this one to wipe away nations and pave the way for world government. 00:50:52:14 - 00:51:25:28 Jeffrey Steinberg Wells was a particularly nasty, evil, but very intelligent guy, and so in both his literary writings, his novels, his short stories, and then in his nonliterary nonfiction writing, particularly his Open conspiracy. What Wells laid out is the idea that you have to create world government, world empire under British domination. 00:51:26:01 - 00:51:41:28 H.G. Wells Clip This is an independent sovereign state. Yes, we must talk about that. We don't discuss it. We don't approve of independent sovereign states. You don't approve? We mean to stop them. That's war, if you will. 00:51:42:00 - 00:51:44:07 H.G. Wells Clip Well, I think we know how we stand. 00:51:44:10 - 00:52:23:11 Narrator Robert Beltran The British foreign policy for Germany in the postwar period reflected the exact aims of Wells's policy. The Versaille treaty of 1919, imposing nearly all of the postwar reparations on Germany, meant an undoing of all of Bismarck's previous successes and a dissolution of Germany as a sovereign country. At gunpoint, the most productive agricultural lands and natural resources were seized. Ships, locomotives, and half of the nation's gold reserves were taken away, social programs were eliminated, industries privatized, and vicious waves of speculation unleashed on the Deutsche Mark. 00:52:23:13 - 00:52:55:05 Narrator Robert Beltran The Reichsbank desperately printed mountains of currency in the vain hope of covering the unpayable debt, leading to the hyperinflation crisis of 1923. The British had finally reconquered Germany. In Southwest Asia, the same policy was pursued. Secret negotiations of the British Arab Bureau and French Foreign Ministry had created the Sykes-Picot accord, which mandated British control of the Palestine, Transjordan and Iraq region and French control of Lebanon and Syria. 00:52:55:07 - 00:53:27:11 Narrator Robert Beltran Still to this day, the manipulation of religious and ethnic tensions to create wars in this region echoes back to this repositioning of empire. In the United States. The same banks and cartels dismantling the German nation positioned themselves for similar actions against the already weakened American system. JP morgan's bank, located at 23 Wall Street, had been established as the American arm of a British bank and steered as an insurrection into American finance since the 1860s. 00:53:27:14 - 00:54:00:23 Narrator Robert Beltran By the 1920s, the House of Morgan operated more akin to a cartel than a bank with no public function, and a board which reached into thousands of American companies, industries, and utilities. The hand of Morgan was known to be monarchical in the land of American finance, only subsumed in power by the British Empire he was acting for. It was this vast financial network which would take over the political parties, install a series of London and Wall Street controlled presidents like Calvin Coolidge, and advise the dismantling of the American system. 00:54:00:26 - 00:54:29:18 Narrator Robert Beltran By 1928, John J. Raskob, a J.P. Morgan asset who had built his fortune through insider speculation, rose to prominence in the Democratic Party. Raskob, lent the bankrupt Democratic Party, more than $300,000, nearly erasing their debt. Raskob was then appointed chair of the Democratic National Committee, where he exerted powerful influence over the party's politics. Controlling things on the Republican side of the aisle was another J.P. Morgan agent; 00:54:29:19 - 00:54:59:23 Narrator Robert Beltran Thomas Lamont. Lamont was a financial liaison to both Imperial Japan and Mussolini's Italy. In 1925, when Mussolini's party was nearly bankrupt, Lamont came in with $100 million of J.P. Morgan money to bail him out. This same Thomas Lamont also provided daily consultation to the US president, Herbert Hoover, in October of 1929. The rampant speculation of the 1920s culminated in Black Friday. 00:54:59:25 - 00:55:19:16 Lyndon LaRouche It was a 1929 collapse into the collapse amidst a period of dominated by euphoria. You can't beat the system. This is our system. Everything is fine. You can't beat the system. So like the boomers today, you know can’t beat the system, well, we go along with it. We go along with it. That's the system. We learn to live with the system. 00:55:19:16 - 00:55:24:27 Lyndon LaRouche We learn within the system. We adapt to the system. We're going to be successful. We're going to make it. 00:55:24:29 - 00:55:48:11 Jeffrey Steinberg The financial crash on Wall Street spread throughout the economy as a whole and so you had not only massive unemployment through the collapse of the entire industrial and agricultural base of the economy, but you really were headed into the direction of real social despair bordering on social chaos. 00:55:48:13 - 00:56:15:10 Lyndon LaRouche Well, the shock was great. But then 1930, 31, 32, 33, it was a horrible nightmare for them. People, you'd see them. The crowd waiting on the soup kitchens to eat breakfast in Manhattan, lined up, dressed of people who had been considered themselves well-to-do in the previous time. Now they are with their top hats, their suits and so forth, 00:56:15:10 - 00:56:18:23 Lyndon LaRouche they're out there in the street, practically begging for a meal. 00:56:18:25 - 00:56:45:15 Harley Schlanger This was a very dangerous period. This was the period when there was an effort by the the Morgan interest to put a fascist government in power in France, around Pierre Laval. This was the period of the Spanish Revolution when the fascist regime of Franco was put in. Hitler was in power. Mussolini was in power. There was a pro fascist movement in Britain 00:56:45:17 - 00:57:04:16 Harley Schlanger centered around Lord Beaverbrook, which was moving to take over Great Britain. And there were bankers on Wall Street who supported this, including the grandfather of our current president. Prescott Bush was working through the Harriman interest to fund Hitler. 00:57:04:18 - 00:57:36:19 Narrator Robert Beltran Through these networks, and directed on the ground by Reich Bank President Hjalmar Schacht, millions of dollars were injected into the Nazi Party. By January, German President Hindenburg was pressured to put Hitler in as the chancellor, and by February 27th, 1933, the Reichstag building was set on fire by a Nazi Party member. The Nazis blamed this on the Communist Party, and then used the fear, inspired by the events, as a pretext to give Hitler emergency dictatorial powers. 00:57:36:22 - 00:58:03:13 Narrator Robert Beltran The economic crash in the United States had snowballed into widespread hunger, bankruptcy, foreclosures, and 25% unemployment. People were not in a position to pay attention to the ominous rumblings abroad, yet interest in the coming elections was unprecedented. Voters fervently hoped to find a leader who would, against all odds, turn them away from despair and restore the nation to prosperity. 00:58:03:15 - 00:58:31:07 Narrator Robert Beltran As the Democratic convention neared, the Raskob directed Democratic National Committee would go to extraordinary lengths to win the presidency. Their only opposition lay with a Democrat named Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The party rules at the time were that the candidate to be nominated needed two thirds of the delegates to win. Franklin Roosevelt had slightly less than that. Only a few states needed to join to his side, and he could win. 00:58:31:09 - 00:58:47:00 Narrator Robert Beltran The method that was plotted against him by the DNC was to keep the votes separate through as many ballots as possible, until the delegates would break form, and the convention might end up in a deadlock where the party would elect a compromise candidate of the DNC’s choosing. 00:58:47:05 - 00:58:55:09 Jeffrey Steinberg They had various candidates available, any one of whom would have been acceptable as long as it wasn’t Franklin Roosevelt. 00:58:55:11 - 00:59:13:00 Harley Schlanger Their idea was that if they could string it out through 4 or 5, six, seven, or eight ballots, that they could eventually convince supporters of Roosevelt that he couldn't make it. They should drop their support for him, and they could bring in a candidate acceptable to the Morgans. 00:59:13:02 - 00:59:38:19 Narrator Robert Beltran To ensure none of the delegates broke for Roosevelt, his opponents created a chaotic atmosphere at the convention. They paid street thugs to come into the convention and boo any time Roosevelt's name was mentioned. They ran the media of the city to be anti-Roosevelt to create a fog of confusion. They even went to the extent of pressuring Roosevelt's delegates to break from him while they ate at restaurants and while going to their hotel rooms in the interim hours of the convention. 00:59:38:27 - 00:59:54:12 Narrator Robert Beltran Indeed, Roosevelt did not get enough on the first ballot, the second or the third. In each vote, he made only small gains. Campaign manager Howe and Roosevelt both knew that if at any point he lost votes, he would be out. 00:59:54:14 - 01:00:05:17 Phil Rubenstein The fourth vote comes up and they. Roosevelt's in direct communication with Howe and Farley and basically their idea is that they've got to get in on this roll call. 01:00:05:20 - 01:00:14:15 Narrator Robert Beltran A mysterious telegram began to circulate at this point of the convention, a telegram intended to disorganized the Roosevelt delegates. 01:00:14:17 - 01:00:15:19 Mysterious Telegram The way out of danger 01:00:15:19 - 01:00:34:22 Mysterious Telegram of a deadlock is not only open, but it is attractive for all. Through these various delegations, there is an astonishingly strong, though quiet, conviction that the party can unite on a man who is stronger than any of the leading contenders. That man is Newton Baker of Ohio. 01:00:34:25 - 01:00:42:17 Narrator Robert Beltran Roosevelt responded to this effort to demoralize his supporters by sending his own telegram from Hyde Park, New York. 01:00:42:20 - 01:00:43:09 FDR by Spencer Cross I am 01:00:43:09 - 01:01:07:23 FDR by Spencer Cross in this fight to stay. This is a battle for principle. A clear majority of the convention understands that it is being waged to keep our party as a whole, from dictation by a small group representing the interests in the nation, which have no place in our party. My friends will not be misled by organized propaganda, by telegraphs now being sent to delegates. 01:01:07:25 - 01:01:51:07 FDR by Spencer Cross Stick to your guns. It is clear that the nation must not and shall not be overridden. Now is the time to make clear that we intend to stand fast and win. 01:01:51:09 - 01:02:13:03 Narrator Robert Beltran The fight of the convention was not an internal Democratic Party struggle, but a conflict over whether the Lincoln tradition of American politics or the British system of empire would prevail in the world. Franklin Roosevelt knew this to be the issue of the convention. He knew this not as a recent discovery, but something which was fundamental to his thinking throughout his life. 01:02:13:05 - 01:02:14:19 Phil Rubenstein In Roosevelt's case, 01:02:14:19 - 01:02:38:20 Phil Rubenstein it was a very explicit sense of history. Now, the earliest I can identify it is this paper that he writes on Hamilton, I think when he's about in his late teens or something like that. And, you know, it's clear that he does have a sense, like Lincoln, of being a continuation of the American Revolution, that his sense of identity is in the American Revolution. 01:02:38:21 - 01:02:49:27 Phil Rubenstein Now, I think it's very interesting, even though this is a very short paper and obviously it's not a big scholarly exercise. It's more his own sense of who Hamilton was. 01:02:49:29 - 01:03:28:23 FDR by Spencer Cross George Washington, the first president under the Constitution, made Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury the greatest of the cabinet offices. As Hamilton had destabilized the problems of state. So now he ordered the finances of the country, and it was his impetus that removed for all time the risk of disintegration of the States; None appreciated the solidarity more than Aaron Burr, who defeated for the presidency in his race against Jefferson in 1800, largely through the efforts of Hamilton, saw in this greater financial security the banishment of his dream of establishing a northern Confederacy. 01:03:28:26 - 01:04:05:25 Phil Rubenstein Roosevelt was aware, even in his description of Hamilton, that it was an American system, as he later refers to it, versus the British. Roosevelt's great great grandfather was a close collaborator of Alexander Hamilton in the creation of the Bank of New York, of some of the strategy around the establishment of the First National Bank—Isaac Roosevelt was a great American patriot of that period, and his portrait hung in the dining room of the Roosevelt family home up in Hyde Park, New York. 01:04:05:26 - 01:04:24:11 Phil Rubenstein So I think he had a very personal connection to the Founding fathers, to, in particular, Hamilton, maybe because of his grandfather's ties to this. And it gives you a sense of how somebody lives; Hamilton lived in Roosevelt, and that was his, I think, idea. 01:04:24:13 - 01:04:52:27 Narrator Robert Beltran In 1920. Franklin Roosevelt, then only 38, had been selected by the Democratic Party as the vice presidential candidate. He stumped the country; Franklin visited 38 states and gave over 1000 speeches. Franklin's policies were focused on the development of natural resources and improving the working and living conditions of the population. Amidst this momentum, Franklin contracted the life threatening disease poliomyelitis. 01:04:53:04 - 01:05:06:06 Jeffrey Steinberg At a critical moment in his political career, he had to drop out of politics and concentrate his every effort on battling a life threatening disease. 01:05:06:08 - 01:05:15:01 Narrator Robert Beltran Franklin and his family turned this period of illness and convalescence into a constructive period of his education into all fields. 01:05:15:03 - 01:05:35:12 Louis Howe by Jeremy Cowen There are times when I think that Franklin may never have been president if he had not been stricken. You see, he had a thousand interests. You couldn't beat him down. Then suddenly, there he was, flat on his back with nothing to do but feed. He began to read. He began to think. He talked. He gathered people around him. 01:05:35:15 - 01:05:39:10 Louis Howe by Jeremy Cowen His thoughts expanded. His horizon widened. 01:05:39:12 - 01:06:04:09 Phil Rubenstein He realized even more profoundly that it's the human, the human being’s mental capabilities, the human mind!—That is who you are, and that's your strength; And if you rely on that, in effect, you can be the president of the United States even though you're crippled, the physical side means nothing. 01:06:04:11 - 01:06:40:03 Frances Perkins by Shawna Rodarte I saw Roosevelt only once, between 1921 and 1924, and I was instantly struck by his growth. The man emerged completely warmhearted with humility of spirit and with a deeper philosophy. Having been to the depths of trouble, he understood the problems of people in trouble. He was young, he was crippled, he was physically weak, but he had a firmer grip on life and on himself than ever before. 01:06:40:05 - 01:06:49:29 Frances Perkins by Shawna Rodarte He was serious, not playing now. Politics had become important to him as a means to a good life. 01:06:50:02 - 01:07:00:12 Narrator Robert Beltran Although not yet fully recovered from polio, these conditions led Franklin to run for Governor of New York and to address the 1928 Democratic convention. 01:07:00:14 - 01:07:30:17 FDR by Spencer Cross Our people must not acquiesce in the easy thought of being mere passengers, so long as the drivers and mechanics do not disturb our comfort. We must be concerned over our destination, not merely satisfied that the passing scenery is pleasant to the eye. We must be interested in whether that national destination be heaven or hell, and not content that the man at the wheel has assured us that we shall find a full bank account and a soft bed. 01:07:30:20 - 01:07:44:28 FDR by Spencer Cross We do not want to change these United States of America into the United States Incorporated with a limited and self-perpetuating board of directors and no voting power in the common stockholders. 01:07:45:00 - 01:08:11:06 Narrator Robert Beltran Once elected governor, Franklin began to reverse the ongoing economic disintegration by implementing policies of social security, unemployment insurance, major state infrastructure, job creation projects, regulation over utilities, and initial regulation of Wall Street. This prescription set a precedent for policy standards later, and drew many protests against him from the Hoover administration. 01:08:11:09 - 01:08:13:02 FDR by Spencer Cross I think it is time for us Democrats. 01:08:13:02 - 01:08:33:02 FDR by Spencer Cross To claim Lincoln as one of our own. The Republican Party has certainly repudiated first and last everything that he stood for, though it was in charge of the national government, believed that individual and collective private action could restore the prosperity, and that the restoration of such prosperity is the sole objective. 01:08:33:05 - 01:09:02:28 Narrator Robert Beltran By 1930, the Republican Party had become the party of financial speculation and 'Free Trade' in the mid-term election of that year. The Democrats gained a majority in both congressional houses, and the next presidential election was expected to deliver similar results. Louis Howe had planned a presidential bid for Franklin in the 1936 election but the nation's economic conditions prompted an earlier run. Because of his success as governor in New York, 01:09:02:29 - 01:09:33:29 Narrator Robert Beltran Franklin was seen by many to be the likely Democratic Party nominee. To combat Franklin, early in the campaign cycle. John Raskob moved the repeal of prohibition into the forefront of the party politics. This issue was intended to create a wedge between the northern and the Southern Democrats, and in a letter to the party published in early 1932, Raskob threatened that were the party not ready to come together around this issue, the Democratic Party should break up and a third Liberal Party should be formed. 01:09:34:01 - 01:09:46:02 Narrator Robert Beltran Franklin perceived the true intention of these actions as an attempt by a financial elite to undermine the Democratic Party's chances in the election, and retain control of the nation's economic policies. 01:09:46:04 - 01:09:58:08 FDR by Spencer Cross I know that you will agree with me in believing that we face in this country the concentration of all power, economic and political, in the hands of what the ancient Greeks would have called oligarchy. 01:09:58:10 - 01:10:21:08 Jeffrey Steinberg Going into the 1932 convention, you had people who were outright fascists and Nazis who were the American equivalent of Montagu Norman, Hjalmar Schacht and the European bankers who wanted to install Hitler because they wanted a war in Europe. And so Roosevelt was facing those kinds of obstacles. 01:10:21:11 - 01:10:35:14 Narrator Robert Beltran To combat this control from an elite few of the Democratic Party. Franklin invented the fireside chats in order to educate the population about the problems America faced, and to muster support for his intended policy solutions. 01:10:35:16 - 01:11:04:17 FDR by Spencer Cross These unhappy times call for the building of plans that rest upon the forgotten, the unorganized but the indispensable units of economic power, plans that build from the bottom up and not from the top down, that put their faith once more in the forgotten man at the bottom of the economic pyramid. It is high time to admit, with courage, that we are in the midst of an emergency, at least equal to that of war. 01:11:04:19 - 01:11:07:07 FDR by Spencer Cross Let us mobilize to meet it. 01:11:07:08 - 01:11:22:25 Lyndon LaRouche In this situation, Roosevelt attracted especially the people of the lower 80% of family income brackets to the fact that he's going to do something for them. 01:11:22:27 - 01:11:43:20 Lyndon LaRouche And he had a deeper cultural level in the United States, which is not British. People had an idea of a constitution, may not have been too clear on it, but they knew under our system that's not right. We don't do that to our own people. We don't let them starve. We don't let them suffer. It's not our way of doing things. 01:11:43:20 - 01:12:08:03 Lyndon LaRouche So he could appeal to that sense of justice, a fairness or something. It's called fairness in the American population. And he got a tremendous basis of support for it. He knew what he was doing. He knew the history he played the basis of what he did in his governorship and in New York. He knew exactly what he was doing; He knew what he was up against. 01:12:08:03 - 01:12:16:29 Lyndon LaRouche He knew who the enemy was, and he knew that we were not safe unless we got rid of the British system. 01:12:17:01 - 01:12:35:24 Narrator Robert Beltran This was the Franklin Roosevelt. After earning a majority of the popular support during the primaries that came into the Democratic Party convention of 1932, a nomination of Roosevelt would mean the revival of Lincoln's legacy. A victory of anyone else would ensure an end of the United States. 01:12:35:26 - 01:12:49:26 Jeffrey Steinberg Roosevelt came into the convention as the clear favorite of the American people, yet the party apparatus was dead set against Roosevelt getting the nomination. 01:12:49:28 - 01:13:13:06 Narrator Robert Beltran Amidst the chaos of the convention, the Roosevelt apparatus persisted; Cracks started to develop among the different constituencies, and ultimately an American response came from the participants of the convention. Enough people realized that Roosevelt was the only alternative to the Wall Street party, and that he was the only one committed and prepared to govern in the interests of the United States. 01:13:13:08 - 01:13:20:26 Narrator Robert Beltran A deal was brokered. The California and Texas delegations broke for Roosevelt, and he secured the nomination. 01:13:20:28 - 01:13:37:22 Convention Voice Franklin Roosevelt, having received more than two thirds of all the delegates voting, I proclaim him the nominee of this convention for president of the United States. 01:13:37:24 - 01:13:43:26 Narrator Robert Beltran Although this pleased the people in the convention, it did not please Raskob and his masters. 01:13:43:29 - 01:13:45:11 John J. Rakob by Mark Samet It seems unbelievable 01:13:45:11 - 01:13:45:20 John J. Rakob by Mark Samet that the 01:13:45:20 - 01:14:04:14 John J. Rakob by Mark Samet Democratic Party, born and bred in the fine old aristocracy of the South and always fostered and nourished by a conservative people such as Smith, P.S., DuPont and myself, has now turned over to a radical group such as Roosevelt. 01:14:04:16 - 01:14:18:11 Narrator Robert Beltran Hearing of his nomination, Roosevelt broke tradition, took a major risk at the time, and flew an airplane to Chicago in order to address the people of the convention directly and to draw the battle lines of his campaign. 01:14:18:13 - 01:14:50:27 FDR by Spencer Cross There are two ways of viewing the government's duty in matters affecting economic and social life. One is to see to it that a favored few are helped, and hopes that some of their prosperity will leak through, sift through to labor, to the farmer, to the small businessman. That theory belongs to the party of Toryism, and I had hoped that most of the Tories left this country in 1776. 01:14:50:29 - 01:15:19:24 FDR by Spencer Cross Our Republican leaders tell us economic laws sacred, inviolable, unchangeable cause panics which no one could prevent. But while they prate of economic laws, men and women are starving, we must lay hold of the fact that economic laws are not made by nature. They are made by human beings. 01:15:19:26 - 01:15:41:12 Lyndon LaRouche The power that parties get is significant—Significant as a factor on the scene—What is decisive is the leadership, which is all of us centered in 1 or 2 or more individual minds who are actually driving history in that direction with ideas, as Roosevelt did with ideas. 01:15:41:14 - 01:15:49:15 Narrator Robert Beltran By the election in November of 1932, Roosevelt won and was ready to begin his new deal for the nation. 01:15:49:18 - 01:15:51:19 FDR (himself) It looks, my friend 01:15:51:21 - 01:15:53:28 FDR (himself) like a real landslide 01:15:53:28 - 01:15:54:07 FDR (himself) this 01:15:54:07 - 01:16:08:04 Narrator Robert Beltran time In Florida, two weeks before Roosevelt's inauguration, an anarchist emerged from the crowd and fired five shots at Roosevelt. 01:16:08:06 - 01:16:27:09 Narrator Robert Beltran The bullets intended for Roosevelt did not hit their mark, but undoubtedly Roosevelt knew, much like president elect, Lincoln before him knew who his enemies were. On March 4th, 1933, Franklin Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 31st president of the United States. 01:16:27:12 - 01:17:06:04 FDR (himself) This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive, and will prosper. So first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. 01:17:06:06 - 01:17:11:06 FDR by Spencer Cross We may now restore that temple to the ancient truth. 01:17:11:07 - 01:17:35:24 Harley Schlanger So between Lincoln and Roosevelt, we didn't have an American president who was able to fundamentally transform the United States with this idea of the American system. Roosevelt understood this. He understood it from his studies of Hamilton. I'm sure he also understood Lincoln's policy very clearly, because he so much of what he did was an echo of Lincoln. 01:17:35:27 - 01:18:03:16 Narrator Robert Beltran Within hours of his first day in office, Roosevelt began a comprehensive reorganization of the nation's economy. Illustrative is the case of chief aide Harry Hopkins, who, armed with only a card table, a pot of coffee and a telephone, hired 11 million Americans and spent $20 million in the first three hours of the administration with the Civilian Conservation Corps, Rural Electrification Administration, the Four Corners projects, and others. 01:18:03:17 - 01:18:20:16 Narrator Robert Beltran Roosevelt launched the largest peacetime mobilization of manpower and materials the world had ever seen as an incredible example. The Tennessee Valley Authority transformed one of the most backward areas of the nation into an industrial powerhouse. 01:18:20:18 - 01:18:30:29 TVA video narrator This was the plan, the chain, the river through a series of giant dams, checking the floods. 01:18:31:01 - 01:18:40:23 TVA video narrator Reopen it to navigation from its mouth to its headwaters. 01:18:40:26 - 01:19:09:05 TVA video narrator To give the farmers the benefit of modern science and research. To help them control the water on their land and restore the fertility of the soil. To reforest millions of acres on the ravaged hillsides. To exploit the mineral resources of the area, who use the electric power generated by the dams to develop and rehabilitate industry in the city, to electrify the farms, to rural cooperative. 01:19:09:07 - 01:19:17:25 TVA video narrator Above all, to prove that human problems can be solved by reason, science and education. 01:19:17:27 - 01:19:45:18 Narrator Robert Beltran Roosevelt used the Reconstruction Finance Corporation as a quasi national bank to reestablish the credit of the nation. He built schools, libraries, airports, post offices, and all with government issued credit. He reestablished the US currency stabilized the price of gold and opened a penetrating investigation into the rampant speculation on Wall Street—All within the first 100 days of his administration. 01:19:45:20 - 01:20:15:19 Jeffrey Steinberg But what he wanted to do was move immediately to stop the foreclosures, put people back in their homes, save the farms, build back farm income, and start up U.S. industry again. And to a large extent, he succeeded. Policies that Roosevelt instituted for rebuilding the U.S. economy completely flew in the face of these powerful Wall Street and City of London allied interests. 01:20:15:22 - 01:20:51:16 Narrator Robert Beltran By the middle of 1933, Roosevelt's attacks against 'Free Trade' practices were tearing up the privatized control of the US economy. As a desperate reaction to Roosevelt and his American system policies. One of the most outlandish British directed plots in modern history was planned. JP morgan's John Raskob was tasked to form a group to propagandize against Roosevelt's policies. This organization, becoming active in most cities and states, fervently attacked Roosevelt with thousands of speeches and millions of pamphlets distributed across the nation. 01:20:51:23 - 01:21:16:20 Narrator Robert Beltran The group was called the American Liberty League. The objective of the league was to become the eventual administrator of a 500,000 man force, which would storm the white House and overthrow President Roosevelt. The plan was to then establish a dictatorship, which would immediately enact the economic austerity plans of Hjalmar Schacht’s labor camps already being applied in Nazi Germany. 01:21:16:22 - 01:21:51:13 Narrator Robert Beltran All they needed was a man with credit among the military legions to lead this coup. Unfortunately for them, the man they tried to seduce was a true American, retired General Smedley Butler. He knew the corruption of government and big business intimately from his past, and refused to succumb to playing the role of an American Hitler. General Butler contacted a trusted Philadelphia publisher, and by the time enough evidence was collected to substantiate the story, Butler took this plot to the Senate, and as the press hit the stands, the hearings began. 01:21:51:20 - 01:21:53:24 Narrator Robert Beltran The plot was exposed. 01:21:53:25 - 01:21:54:15 H.G. Wells Clip The plan, as 01:21:54:15 - 01:22:13:21 Smedley Butler outlined to me was to form an organization of veterans, used as a bluff, or as a club, at least, to intimidate the government and break down our democratic institutions. The upshot of the whole thing was that I was supposed to lead an organization of 500,000 men, which would be able to take over the functions of government. 01:22:13:23 - 01:22:31:19 Narrator Robert Beltran The defeat of this attempted coup was only another step in Roosevelt's reestablishment of the strength of the US Constitution as a living principle of government. His response to the coup attempt was to further recruit the population to the approaching global war against fascism and poverty. 01:22:31:21 - 01:22:53:23 FDR (himself) These economic royalists complain that we seek to overthrow the institutions of America. What they really complain of is that we seek to take away their power. 01:22:53:25 - 01:22:57:25 FDR (himself) Our religion. 01:22:57:28 - 01:23:59:06 FDR (himself) And our allegiance to American institutions requires the overthrow of this kind of power against economic tyranny, such as this. The American citizen could only appeal to the organized power of government. We will remember that the collapse of 1929 showed up the despotism for what it was, and the election of 1932 was the people's mandate to end it. And under that mandate, it is being ended. 01:23:59:08 - 01:24:44:10 FDR (himself) It is not alone. A war against want and destitution and economic demoralization. It is more than that. It is a war for the survival of democracy. We are fighting, fighting to save a great and precious form of government for ourselves and for the world. And so I accept the commission you have tendered me. I join with you. 01:24:44:13 - 01:24:55:07 FDR (himself) I am enlisted for the duration of the war. 01:24:55:10 - 01:25:18:08 Narrator Robert Beltran The story of the battles and the plans for World War Two has been told over and over again. What has not been told is the story of the war between the American and the British system to determine the future of civilization, which took place in discussions between the two individuals who represented these outlooks; President Roosevelt and Prime Minister of Britain Winston Churchill. 01:25:18:10 - 01:25:29:20 Narrator Robert Beltran The story is perhaps best told through the eyes of Franklin Roosevelt's own son, Elliot Roosevelt, who attended and later transcribed many of these discussions. 01:25:29:22 - 01:25:34:25 Elliot Roosevelt by Niko Paulson Winston is at the dinner table, father, and already giving quite a speech. Shall we go? 01:25:34:28 - 01:25:40:10 FDR by Spencer Cross He shall come to understand this time—He must! World events are outpacing our resolve. 01:25:40:14 - 01:25:41:20 Elliot Roosevelt by Niko Paulson What do you mean, father? 01:25:41:22 - 01:26:07:02 FDR by Spencer Cross Winston would like to think I wasn't serious last time but tonight is a different story. You know, Elliott, after flying over Africa, I've had some important thoughts about the future of the world. If you look at the great salt flats in southern Tunisia, you can see that at one time it must have been a vast inland sea. You also have the rivers that sprang up in the Atlas Mountains to the south, and disappear under the Sahara to become subterranean rivers. 01:26:07:04 - 01:26:31:17 FDR by Spencer Cross Why not take these waters and divert this water flow for irrigation? It had made the Imperial Valley in California look like a cabbage patch. And the salt flats, they were once below the level of the Mediterranean. You could dig a canal straight back to recreate that lake—150 miles long, 60 miles wide. The Sahara would bloom for hundreds of miles! 01:26:31:19 - 01:26:59:06 FDR by Spencer Cross It is true wealth. The Sahara is not just sand; It has an amazingly rich potential. Imperialists don't realize what wealth is, what wealth they can create. They've robbed these continents of billions and all because they were too short sighted to understand that their billions were pennies compared to the possibilities. Possibilities that must include a better life for the people who inhabit this land. 01:26:59:09 - 01:27:02:04 Elliot Roosevelt by Niko Paulson Just then, Vice President Wallace came in. 01:27:02:05 - 01:27:03:19 I can't take this, Franklin. 01:27:03:19 - 01:27:29:26 Henry Wallace by Christopher Sandford I just spent an hour talking with the British foreign minister. He was trying to convince me that after the war, the United States and the British have to contain the threat of communism. I said fascism, communism, capitalism all come from the same point of view, and the British economics is no different. And all he could do was stare at the ceiling and spout some hullabaloo about Darwin. 01:27:29:28 - 01:27:32:21 Henry Wallace by Christopher Sandford His people are the damnedest fools. 01:27:32:23 - 01:27:35:16 FDR by Spencer Cross Henry, Henry, you need more finesse. 01:27:35:22 - 01:27:36:13 Henry Wallace by Christopher Sandford Finesse? 01:27:36:16 - 01:27:45:13 FDR by Spencer Cross You see, most of these folks are just victims of this old system. Their system uses them more than they use it. We've got to be impatiently patient, 01:27:45:14 - 01:27:54:18 Henry Wallace by Christopher Sandford Henry. Franklin, we've got our very own fascists here in this country just waiting to subvert us all over again. It's move fast to solve this thing. 01:27:54:19 - 01:28:21:22 FDR by Spencer Cross Yes, yes, but after the war, the cries will come that the present unity will no longer be necessary and that's when the job will begin in earnest. One sentence. When we've won the war, I’ll work with all my might in Maine to see to it that the United States is not wheedled into the position of accepting any plan that will further France's imperialistic ambitions, or that will aid or abet the British Empire in its imperial ambitions. 01:28:21:24 - 01:28:26:18 FDR by Spencer Cross Winston has got to listen to me this time. He'll find out this time. 01:28:26:20 - 01:28:43:13 Elliot Roosevelt by Niko Paulson Father Wallace and I walked into the room together and sat down at the table. There were pleasant jokes and light discussion for most of the evening after everyone had eaten, and making sure the prime could hear him, father began to talk loudly to one of the guests. 01:28:43:15 - 01:29:05:22 FDR by Spencer Cross You know, my friend over there doesn't understand how most of our people feel about Britain and her role in the life of other peoples. It's in the American tradition, this distrust, this dislike and even hatred of Britain. There are many kinds of Americans, of course, but as a people, as a country, were opposed to imperialism, we can't stomach it. 01:29:05:28 - 01:29:13:20 Elliot Roosevelt by Niko Paulson He looked at Churchill with a smile significantly. The Prime Minister sat like a Buddha, a big cigar in his face. 01:29:13:27 - 01:29:39:06 FDR by Spencer Cross The point which I am having a hard time getting across to some people is that many Americans are anti-British. Take me. God knows and my friend knows, I'm not anti-British now, but I remember very clearly that when I was seven or thereabouts in 1889 or 90, and my mother took me to England, and we saw Queen Victoria driving her carriage down a London street. 01:29:39:07 - 01:29:42:18 FDR by Spencer Cross Why, I hated the old woman. 01:29:42:20 - 01:30:07:21 Elliot Roosevelt by Niko Paulson At this point, most of the dinner guests slowly made their way out of the room while Churchill sat there, sinking in his chair, immediately lighting another cigar. By the time the room cleared out, it was only Father Churchill, Wallace and myself. The discussion had turned to policies for after the war and father's plans for a new economic system. 01:30:07:22 - 01:30:17:21 FDR by Spencer Cross Those empire trade agreements are a case in point. It's because of them that the people of India and Africa, of all the colonial Near East and Far East, are still as backward as they are. 01:30:17:23 - 01:30:19:05 Winston Churchill by Aaron Halevy Mister president. 01:30:19:11 - 01:30:36:10 Winston Churchill by Aaron Halevy England is not proposed for a moment to lose its favored position amongst the British dominions. The trade that has made England great shall continue, and under conditions prescribed by England's ministers. 01:30:36:12 - 01:30:53:08 Henry Wallace by Christopher Sandford Alexander Hamilton's reports proved that our American system strengthens the economy through developing the population. This is what has always worked and will work—It’s principle. I am drafting a pamphlet to bring about the industrialization of China. We could start tomorrow. You have no. 01:30:53:09 - 01:30:58:15 Winston Churchill by Aaron Halevy Idea what a mistake you would be making with that. We feel. 01:30:58:16 - 01:31:13:19 FDR by Spencer Cross I am firmly of the belief that if we are to arrive at a stable peace, it must involve the development of backward countries. Backward peoples. How can this be done? It can't be done, obviously, by 18th century methods. Who's talking 01:31:13:20 - 01:31:15:03 Winston Churchill by Aaron Halevy 18th century method? 01:31:15:03 - 01:31:40:04 FDR by Spencer Cross Whichever of your ministers recommends a policy which takes wealth and raw materials out of a nation, which returns nothing to the people of that country in consideration. 20th century methods involve bringing industry to these colonies. 20th century methods include increasing the wealth of the people by increasing their standard of living, by education, by bringing sanitation, by making sure they get a return for the raw wealth of their community. 01:31:40:06 - 01:31:51:24 FDR by Spencer Cross Take India, Winston, I can't believe that we can fight a war against fascist slavery and at the same time not work to free people all over the world from a backward colonial policy. 01:31:51:25 - 01:31:52:12 Winston Churchill by Aaron Halevy There can be 01:31:52:12 - 01:31:55:19 Winston Churchill by Aaron Halevy no tampering with the Empire's economic agreement. 01:31:55:20 - 01:31:56:28 FDR by Spencer Cross There artificial! 01:31:57:01 - 01:32:37:00 Winston Churchill by Aaron Halevy They’re the Foundation of our greatness! Mr. president, I believe you are trying to do away with the British Empire. Every idea you entertain demonstrates it. But in spite of that. In spite of that, we know that you constitute our only hope. And you know that we know it. You know that we know that without America, the empire won't stand. 01:32:37:02 - 01:32:51:26 Elliot Roosevelt by Niko Paulson Once Churchill had enough, he forced a smile, got up, and cordially bid us a good evening. As he waddled away. Father picked up his things and spoke confidently to himself, but also to me. 01:32:51:28 - 01:33:05:20 FDR by Spencer Cross The choice is ours, you know. We have a chance to use our influence in favor of a more united and co-operating world. This nation has a rendez-vous with history. 01:33:05:23 - 01:33:37:12 Narrator Robert Beltran Roosevelt's vision of the postwar agreements between the Big Four the United States, Britain, China and the Soviet Union were for them to be responsible, under the principles of the Atlantic Charter, to form the United Nations, which would oversee the banishment of colonialism worldwide and bring the power of technological development to nations across the globe. Under the leadership of President Roosevelt, the United States created a potential for global cooperation, threatening the end of imperialism on the planet. 01:33:37:16 - 01:33:59:13 Narrator Robert Beltran For the first time since Lincoln's victory in the Civil War, the world was moving in the direction of defeating the oligarchical principle and establishing a global community of sovereign nation states. Under the presidency of Roosevelt's chosen successor, Vice President Henry Wallace, that future would have been secured. 01:33:59:15 - 01:34:25:17 Henry Wallace (himself) Some have spoken of the American century. I say that the century on which we are entering the century, which will come out of this war, can be and must be the century of the common man. If we really believe we are fighting for a people's peace, all the rest becomes easy. This is a fight between a slave world and a free world. 01:34:25:22 - 01:34:57:05 Henry Wallace (himself) Just as the United States in 1862 could not remain half slave and half free. So in 1942, the world must make its decision for a complete victory, one way or the other. The people in their millennial and revolutionary march toward manifesting here on earth the dignity that is in every human soul, hold as their credo, the four freedoms enunciated by President Roosevelt. 01:34:57:07 - 01:35:25:07 Henry Wallace (himself) We who live in the United States may think there is nothing very revolutionary about freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and freedom from the fear of secret police. But when we begin to think about the significance of freedom from want for the average man, then we know that the revolution of the past 150 years has not been completed. 01:35:25:09 - 01:35:42:01 Henry Wallace (himself) Either here in the United States or in any other nation in the world, we know that this revolution cannot stop until freedom from want has been attained. 01:35:42:04 - 01:36:04:23 Narrator Robert Beltran Tragically, President Roosevelt's health then took a dramatic turn for the worse. And as the war was coming to a close, the British operatives in the Democratic Party pressured Roosevelt to replace Wallace with Harry S Truman in the 1944 election. Truman was not committed to fighting for Roosevelt's principles, but had proven himself willing to submit to Churchill's postwar outlook. 01:36:04:26 - 01:36:31:24 Narrator Robert Beltran By April 1945, OSS chief William Donovan met President Roosevelt in the Oval Office upon his departure, having witnessed the president's condition. Donovan grimly remarked to his trusted aide, it's over. It's all over. 01:36:31:26 - 01:36:46:26 Narrator Robert Beltran As President Roosevelt was laid in the ground, the British and Dutch were allowed to reenter Africa, Indochina, Indonesia and other nations on the brink of independence and recolonize. 01:36:46:28 - 01:37:15:21 Narrator Robert Beltran Two nuclear bombs were dropped on the nation of Japan by Harry Truman. Even as that nation was entering surrender terms instead of collaboration for rebuilding the world, the US followed Britain's plan into a nuclear standoff with Russia, which would divide the world for the next 40 years. The US presidency was, with a few exceptions, steered by the British to revive 'Free Trade' as the hegemonic system of the global economy. 01:37:15:24 - 01:37:28:04 Narrator Robert Beltran Leaders like John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy, who challenged these problems, were assassinated. 01:37:28:06 - 01:37:38:06 Narrator Robert Beltran The intended policies of Franklin Roosevelt for the postwar world are still waiting to be implemented today. 01:37:38:09 - 01:38:06:03 Phil Rubenstein Lincoln was assassinated. The British were out to kill him. And they did. And in some ways, maybe that's easier to deal with. We should have kept Lincoln alive. But Roosevelt, he died. That seems to be a random event. It leads to a certain existential outlook. But what if we thought of it in a different way? What if we thought no. See, he doesn't really die if we don't let him die. 01:38:06:05 - 01:38:35:10 Phil Rubenstein We have the ability of human beings to keep alive that which was unique about him his mental capability, his discoveries, his social dissemination of ideas, his creativity in organizing other people. If we kept that alive as a universe where the minds of people is what we valued, what they discovered, what they act on as human beings, going back to this idea that Roosevelt discovered it was his person. 01:38:35:10 - 01:40:42:26 Phil Rubenstein It was his person, not his physical being. Then their death would diminish them less. They'd be more alive in us. 01:40:42:28 - 01:40:47:17 In a symbolic gesture. American troops destroy the Nazi party emblem.